Background: Considering the irreparable effects of decreased childbearing desire in Iran, the present study aimed to explore the state of childbearing desire and the associated factors in the northeast of Iran. Methods: The present cross-sectional-analytical study was conducted on 807 married and unmarried men and women residing in Khorasan Razavi Province, using a multi-stage sampling method in 2023. The participants were divided into two desiring and undesiring groups according to their childbearing desires. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and two questionnaires on the reasons for childbearing desire: One for those likely to have children and another for those unlikely to have children in the future. Data were analyzed by SPSS software, version 26 using descriptive and inferential statistics. The significance level was set at <0.05.  Results: The mean age of participants was 36.45±9.24 years and the majority were female (78.8%). The results showed that 70% of participants did not desire to have children in the future. The main reason for childbearing desire was interest in children (71.9%), while another reason was the desire to have enough children (36.3%). The common reasons for the lack of desire for childbearing included already having enough children (43.7%) and concerns about their future (27.6%). The results of multiple logistic regression also showed significant relationships between marriage (OR=9.58, 95% CI, 4.38%, 20.94%, P<0.001), age and the number of children (OR=1.958, 95% CI, 1.61%, 2.37%, P<0.001) and childbearing desire. Conclusion: The present findings provide insights into the current state of Iranians’ childbearing desire and can serve as a valuable resource for policymakers in their planning efforts.

The two parts of a lease contract cannot always assign the period of lease. Sometimes it isn't mentioned any period in contract but they assert the smallest unit of time for assignment of the rental. Therefore the civil low makes reputable the lease contracts that the period of rent is left unsaid in them for the same smallest unit of time. In spite of that the legal spirit of this agreement isn't so distinct to accredit the contracts lacking of period.In this paper it has been tried to study such contracts and at same times the legal spirit of these agreement has been investigated.

Bazaars are among the few historical buildings that still continue to operate. The Bazaar in a city has been important not only from economic aspects but also from cultural and social aspects. Today, the empty space of such urban spaces, which can become a lasting space by creating a sense of belonging and peace, while meeting the needs of today's people, is felt very much. Sound is one of the main factors in creating memories in the human mind. In order to investigate the role of sound in the traditional architecture of Iran, a research was conducted in the Vakil Bazzar of Shiraz. The final goal of this research is to investigate the quantitative and qualitative conditions of the sound using sound meter software in the Vakil Bazzar of Shiraz. The permissible level of noise pollution in urban spaces is 60 decibels based on the resolution of the Supreme Council of Environmental Protection of Iran for commercial areas. The results of this research indicate that in the quietest conditions, the noise pollution for at least 33% of the Bazzar space is higher than the maximum allowed amount of noise pollution. How to improve the sound conditions in Vakil Bazzar, such as reducing noise by creating a masking sound source, creating a pond and a fountain, is one of the most important results of this research.